Thermal noise, the noise caused in passive electronic components like resistors and feedlines due to the Brownian motion of electrons, exists in all electronic devices and transmission mediums. It is a result of temperature fluctuations and a manifestation of the second law of thermodynamics.
For conventional large computers, thermal noise is merely a bit of noise generated during operation, hardly posing any impact. However, for quantum computers, it is a deadly enemy.
The more sophisticated the device, the more susceptible it becomes.
It's like electronic components that cannot withstand the radiation that a biological body can endure.
Thermal noise, which is just noise for electronic components, can also cause significant disturbances in quantum bits.
Quantum bits are extremely small and precise.
But, to keep quantum chips running, quantum bits must be kept at temperatures at which they can function.
