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Time and Massless Particles

In Time and Massless Particles: The Nature of Time in Physics, readers embark on a transformative journey through the most profound questions at the heart of modern physics. This comprehensive work seamlessly weaves together the fundamental principles of time—from its classical roots and relativistic evolution to its quantum and cosmological dimensions—with an in-depth exploration of massless particles, the elusive carriers of nature’s fundamental forces. Beginning with an insightful analysis of the nature of time itself and the groundbreaking discoveries that redefined its role in physics, the book guides you through the captivating world of massless particles and their central role in shaping our understanding of light and energy. Delve into the intricacies of special relativity as it bridges time and light, and discover how photons serve as the archetype for massless particles in both theory and technology. Moving beyond the familiar, the narrative unfolds into the quantum realm, where the fabric of time is examined through the lens of quantum mechanics and field theory. Explore the vast cosmos as modern cosmology reveals the interplay between time, light, and the Universe, and then venture into advanced theoretical perspectives that challenge established paradigms—from symmetry principles and CPT invariance to the bold quest for quantum gravity. Blurring the lines between science and philosophy, the book concludes with reflective essays on the philosophical implications of time and existence, and it casts a visionary look at future directions and open questions that promise to reshape our understanding of reality. An analysis of influential references and their impact in theoretical physics further anchors the work in a rich academic tradition, making it an essential resource for researchers and students alike. Time and Massless Particles is a bold, interdisciplinary exploration that not only charts the evolution of our understanding of time but also illuminates the intricate connections between theory, experiment, and the very nature of existence. Whether you are a seasoned physicist or an inquisitive scholar, this book offers a compelling glimpse into the dynamic frontier of modern science.
Andrew_Bardsley · 1.7K Views

vấn đạo cầu trường sinh

Tuân lệnh " từ an cất quả cầu trắng vào ngực áo nhìn sang hướng từ yên nhi " điện chủ ra lệnh rút lui mau trở về " giọng hắn không lớn nhưng có tính xuyên phá cực mạnh Tần trúc đã bị đánh bất tỉnh thương tích đầy mình nằm dựa vào gốc cây tôn thượng hương đang bị từ yên nhi bóp cổ nhấc bổng lên " Điện chủ ra lệnh rút lui từ yên nhi mau trở về" " định hồn châu còn chưa hấp thu được một nửa mà đã rút lui có nhầm lẫn ? mà thôi kệ để tỷ đưa hai cưng đi một nơi mà chắc chắn hai cưng sẽ rất thích thú cho mà xem " " Ngươi ...có bệnh " " Hahaha ngươi mới có bệnh đợi khi về tỷ sẽ treo hai cưng lên từ từ dạy dỗ " Tôn thượng Hương nhìn sang tần trúc lúc nãy hắn bị tên điên này đá một cái vào hông cả hai đều té xuống nhìn có vẻ tần trúc bị thương rất nặng Tiểu cô nương nhìn sang từ yên nhi " ngươi đã bao giờ nếm trải cảm giác của những người bị ngươi hại chưa " từ yên nhi bỗng lạnh gáy bỏ tôn thượng Hương ra lùi lại hai bước lấy ra từ trong hư không ra một chiếc roi da đính đầy những miếng thép nhỏ * Tu vi tiểu cô nương này mới hậu thiên tầng 3 sao ta lại có cảm giác bị uy hiếp, không được phải đánh nhanh thắng nhanh tránh đêm dài lắm mộng * " Loại như ngươi đến địa ngục cũng không dung nạp được " tôn thượng Hương đồng tử chuyển sang lam nhạt từ ngón tay giữa hai tay hình xăm màu lam như hai con rắn quấn đến bàn tay thì dừng lại trán điểm chu sa tóc hai bím thả ra bay nhè nhẹ như làn nước xanh tuyệt đẹp người tỷ tỷ này của tần trúc hiện giờ nói là tiên nữ hạ phàm cũng không ngoa chút nào Trong đầu từ yên nhi bây giờ chỉ còn một chữ * chạy * chỉ trong một cái chớp mắt khí thế tăng gấp mấy lần rõ ràng là muốn đồng quy vu tận vả lại thủ đoạn còn không tầm thường * ngươi điên rồi * Tôn thượng Hương chỉ cười nhẹ tay phải đưa lên phía trước kèm theo đó là một dòng linh khí nhẹ nhàng mền mại nhưng không kém phần hủy diệt bay về hướng của từ yên nhi toàn bộ luồng linh khí màu lam bao quanh chỗ này tiếp sau đó là một tiếng nổ kinh thiên động địa đến những người đang chiến đấu chật vật cách đó một ngọn núi cũng phải dừng lại một nhịp Cùng lúc này một thanh linh kiếm màu trắng từ trời giáng xuống một phân thành hai hai phân thành bốn bốn phân thành tám đến vạn kiếm ảnh " Đây là cái gì nhiều tới mức này làm sao tránh được " " Ba mẹ hài nhi bất hiếu " " Hức ta còn chưa đụng tay vào nữ nhân bao giờ ta không muốn chết đừng mà a a a " Còn chưa đau buồn xong hàng vạn kiếm ảnh đã đến trước mặt dân làng từng thanh kiếm lạng lách tránh né một cách không hợp lẽ thường chém thi quỷ như máy xay cắt thành từng mảnh vụn không thể khôi phục sau đó bốc cháy toàn bộ " Ta...ta còn chưa chết " " Đáng sợ quá " " Nhất định là vấn đạo tông đến, chúng ta được cứu rồi " Diệp vô thương phi kiếm lên núi khung cảnh hiện ra trước mắt chỉ có tần trúc nằm đó, xung quanh đổ nát như vừa có một trận kịch chiến nổ ra đây tuyệt đối không phải chuyện một hậu thiên tầng 3 có thể làm ra được HAI NGÀY SAU * Tiểu trúc ta xin lỗi * " Hương tỷ "
Mer_Game · 5.8K Views

Échappé à mon ex, enlevé par son rival

Pendant les trois dernières années, Ariana Ari Harlow a tout donné à son mari. Ils se sont mariés parce que sa sœur a choisi de s'enfuir le soir du mariage, croyant aux rumeurs que la Corporation Nelson était en faillite. Ari aimait Noah depuis ses seize ans, elle pensait que c'était le rêve de sa vie qui se réalisait. Cependant, elle ne savait pas que sa sœur lui avait tendu un piège, et ce n'était pas le début de sa nouvelle vie, mais bien son nouveau enfer. Elle a été forcée d'abandonner sa formation de médecin parce que la respectable Mme Nelson ne pouvait pas avoir les mains couvertes de sang. Ari a accepté. Pour l'amour de Noah, elle est devenue une épouse parfaite qui prenait soin de ses beaux-parents et de son mari. Cependant, ce qui l'attendait n'était rien d'autre que des insultes, son mari avait honte d'elle et sa belle-mère pensait que sa sœur, Ariel, était mieux assortie à son fils. Pourtant, Ari persistait. Elle pensait qu'elle réchaufferait le cœur de son mari un jour. Mais elle l'a surpris en train d'embrasser sa sœur ! Cœur brisé, Ariana décida de divorcer de son mari, mais elle se retrouva d'une manière ou d'une autre empêtrée avec Nicolai. L'ennemi et rival de son mari. Ils n'étaient pas faits pour être ensemble. Mais Nicolai semble se ficher des obstacles qui se dressent contre eux. En fait, il était déterminé à s'immiscer dans la vie d'Ari et à mettre le feu à tout. Dans son ivresse, il l'a un jour plaquée par la gorge contre le mur d'un pub miteux, "Tu peux le nier tant que tu veux princesse, mais tu me désires." Ses yeux parcouraient son torse haletant et ses yeux s'assombrirent, le rouge apparut dérangé, possessif, comme s'il voulait arracher son âme de son corps et l'ancrer dans le sien. "Je parie que si je jette un coup d'œil, tu seras trempée pour moi." La chaleur monta aux joues d'Ariana alors qu'elle grognait, "Tais-toi." "Fais-moi taire," dit Nicolai en écrasant ses lèvres contre les siennes. Ses baisers brûlaient dans son âme, et sa chaleur lui brûlait la peau chaque fois qu'ils se touchaient. Elle pensait que sa plus grande erreur avait été de s'emmêler avec Nicolai. Cependant, Ari comprit bientôt à la dure, littéralement, qu'être désirée par un tel cauchemar magnifique était bien pire qu'une erreur. Et les choses se compliquent lorsque son mari découvre la vérité sur tout. "Tire-moi dans le cœur, Ari," dit Noah en plaçant la buse du pistolet là où se trouvait son cœur. "Parce qu'une vie sans toi est une vie que je ne veux pas, alors tue-moi ou reviens. Je t'en supplie." Maintenant que Nicolai lui avait donné le choix, Ari tomberait-elle amoureuse de lui et plongerait-elle dans une vie remplie de dangers ? Ou retournerait-elle vers son mari, Noah, qu'elle aimait depuis ses seize ans ? Et Ariana éviterait-elle le danger qui guette dans l'ombre, attendant qu'elle fasse une erreur et qu'elle perde tout ce qui lui est cher ? Trouverait-elle la clé de tous les secrets qui la lient à Noah et Nicolai ainsi qu'à son destin tortueux ? ******* Extrait : "C'est une question d'argent, n'est-ce pas ? Prends-le et disparais," hurla-t-il en jetant la carte noire au visage d'Ariana. Ariana ne pouvait pas croire ce qu'elle entendait quand elle a entendu son mari ou son futur ex-mari l'humilier comme ça. Trois ans. Ariana Harlow a donné trois ans à Noah Nelson, et pourtant, lorsqu'elle l'a surpris en train d'embrasser sa sœur aînée, Ariel —— voilà ce qu'il lui dit. "Je vais te divorcer," déclara Ari et partit. Elle est partie sans le sou mais Ari est tombée sur Nicolai. L'ennemi et rival de son mari, le prince de la Mafia de la Ville de Lonest, un bâtard notoire connu pour ses tendances violentes. Leur rencontre malheureuse l'a placée sur le chemin de Nicolai, et comme ça, il a posé les yeux sur elle. La première fois qu'ils se sont rencontrés, Nicolai lui a demandé de l'inviter à dîner. La deuxième fois, lorsqu'ils se sont rencontrés, il lui a remis un million de dollars. La troisième fois qu'ils se sont rencontrés, il a déclaré : "Tu serais bien dans mes bras, qu'en dis-tu princesse ?" ********
fairytail72 · 246.5K Views

Hello, Ex! I Finally Found My Worth!

They say Love is blind, but no one is ever truly blind in love. We see everything; we just choose to ignore them because we're scared to move on or start afresh. Twenty-eight years old, Emma Winters has her dreams clearly defined. To have a loving family, a beautiful home, and a stable, fulfilling life. Not only do those dreams come crumbling down when her husband hands her divorce papers just when she tells him she's pregnant, but her pride and dignity are questioned when Jake announces that Emma was unfaithful to him. Emma loses hope in everything she believes in. However, hope comes to her when the enigmatic billionaire Alexander Sterling offers her a way out: A contract marriage to him. Will Emma accept this way out of her predicament even when this savior is none other than her ex-husband's uncle? What happens when she accepts the contract and is only chased back by her ex? Will she return to her once lover, or will she accept her growing feelings for her contract husband? Find out as we unravel Emma's story together! *****Excerpt******** “Why would you help when I was put in this mess by my own husband?” Emma cut in, now crying. “Because your husband is my nephew, and not only do I want to salvage the situation my nephew put you in, I want to escape his plot,” Alex said, and Emma’s heart stopped for a moment, a cold chill running down her spine as she replayed the words in her head. Nephew? His nephew? Jake was this man's... Alex's nephew? She mused, and then the realization of what that meant dawned on her like a crashing wave, knocking the breath from her lungs. Her eyes widened as she stared at him, the shock evident on her face. “Your nephew? You’re Alex Sterling, Jake's uncle?” she asked, unable to believe it herself. Alex nodded, his expression unchanged. “Yes. I'm his uncle,” Alex confirmed, and Emma shook her head.
BabyAngel2 · 232.7K Views

My Supreme Lord System : Obey Your Lord

The story have some dark sides and have herem(Not detailed]. Mc is really a evil.. ________ Hey… my name is Noel. Noel Vence. I was just a normal university student—a hardcore otaku who spent more time reading web novels than studying. My life was simple: wake up, go to class (or skip it), binge anime, and repeat. But that normal life shattered in an instant. It was supposed to be an ordinary evening. I was walking home after another long day, completely lost in thoughts about the latest murim novel I had been reading. Then… it happened. The sky split apart. A deafening roar echoed through the city as massive, glowing rifts tore open in the air. From those rifts, dark figures emerged—monsters. Real, living, breathing monsters. Dungeons had appeared on Earth. At first, I thought it was a prank, some kind of crazy sci-fi event. But the screams, the blood, the buildings crumbling under the weight of unknown creatures… it was all real. Too real. I didn't panic. Maybe it was because I had read too many apocalypse stories, but my mind adapted fast. Unlike the terrified crowds running in every direction, I immediately understood the situation. These were low-level dungeons. That meant low-level monsters. But for normal humans… this was a nightmare. Then, my heart dropped. Mom. My mother was sick. My father was overseas for business, leaving her alone at home. If one of these monsters got to our house before I did— I ran. Faster than I ever had in my life. The streets were in chaos. Creatures that looked like goblins and kobolds were slaughtering anyone they could find. Buildings were burning, cars overturned. But none of that mattered. I sprinted, dodging through alleys, taking the fastest possible route home. By the time I reached our house, my hands were shaking. The door was broken. I stepped inside. A sharp, gut-wrenching stench filled the air. Blood. My mother's body lay on the floor, lifeless. A goblin stood over her, a crude knife dripping with fresh blood in its hands. My mind blanked. Something inside me shattered. My chest tightened, my breath quickened. Rage, grief, disbelief—all my emotions exploded at once. I couldn't control it. Then, something impossible happened. A sharp, burning sensation filled my palm. And in the next moment— A spear materialized in my hand. The goblin turned, its yellow eyes gleaming with cruel amusement. It snarled and charged. I barely reacted in time, lifting the spear in reflex. The goblin's knife scraped against the wooden shaft, sending vibrations up my arms. The impact nearly knocked me off balance. Too strong…! Before I could recover, the goblin lunged again. I twisted my body, barely avoiding a stab aimed at my throat. My grip tightened on the spear, and I swung wildly. The tip scraped against the goblin's side, drawing blood. It shrieked in anger rather than pain, retaliating instantly. A sharp pain exploded in my left shoulder. The goblin's knife had found its mark. "Gah—!" I stumbled back, gasping. Blood dripped down my arm, pain burning through my entire body. But I couldn't stop. I wouldn't stop. The goblin rushed in for the kill. My mind raced. I had no formal training—just instinct and the stories I had read. But that was enough. I spun the spear, forcing the goblin to step back. For the first time, hesitation flickered in its eyes. I pressed forward, stabbing with all my strength. The goblin dodged, but I adjusted my grip mid-strike and swung the shaft instead. The wooden handle cracked against its ribs. The goblin howled in pain. I didn't give it a chance to recover. I thrust forward again, this time aiming for its leg. The spear pierced flesh. The goblin collapsed onto one knee. Adrenaline surged through me. I raised the spear over my head. Then— The goblin grinned. My instincts screamed at me to move, but I was too slow. The goblin lunged one last time, its blade sinking into my side. I gasped, my vision blurring. Pain roared through my
MR_Writer_ · 3.7K Views

Pitch Perfect: The Awakening System

*Awakening Is The Dawn Of A New Eternity. in the depths of my own consciousness, I have discovered the keys to unlock the mysteries of the cosmos.* Elian, a young and talented but struggling soccer player discovers a mysterious system that appears in his mind, claiming to be the "Awakening System." The system offers to help Elian become the greatest soccer player of all time, but at a cost. A terrifying one. As Elian uses the system's powers, he must navigate the consequences of relying on its abilities and the true cost of his success. System Core Abilities: - "Skill Boost": Temporarily increases Elian's skills and abilities - "Game Reading": Gives Elian real-time analysis and predictions of the game - "Body Enhancement": Enhances Elian's physical abilities, allowing him to perform superhuman feats. Level up to gain more abilities. As Elian rises to fame and success, he must confront the darkness within himself and the true nature of the Awakening System trying to consume his humanity. Will he find a way to balance his ambition with his humanity, or will the darkness of the system consume him completely? *it’s my very first system novel since I’m not a fan of systems. you should know before you start reading that the system is very realistic and the MC would struggle with it a lot. oh and, it contains a little sci-fi. just a tiny bit, it doesn’t affect the main story. There will be romance too, like, the MC would get a life besides football.
Krystal_George123 · 90.6K Views

Worst Zombie Day

That night, Aegis Squad infiltrated an abandoned laboratory complex to capture a mutated zombie alive for research. The air reeked of rusted metal and decay. "Make sure the trap is ready," whispered Major Pan Colman. Lila nodded, checking her device. "Ready, just waiting for the bait." Hart, tracking zombie movement, looked uneasy. "They’re smarter than we thought. We must move fast." From the shadows, a massive mutated zombie with armor-like skin emerged. "Wait for it to step into the trap," Pan whispered. As the creature moved forward, Lila activated the device. Steel clamps trapped it, sending high-voltage shocks that made it thrash violently. Before they could celebrate, Hart panicked. "Major, something big is moving behind us!" From the ruins, a giant zombie with protruding bones emerged, smashing through a wall with unnatural speed. "We need to move, now!" Pan ordered. The squad hauled the trapped zombie into their containment truck, escaping as the complex collapsed behind them. Inside the vehicle, Dr. Alaric muttered, "This isn't normal mutation. The virus is evolving too fast." Hart nodded. "It’s as if someone designed them. But who? And why?" Suddenly, a loud metallic thud echoed from the roof. "What was that?" Lila asked, weapon raised. Hart checked his tablet. "Something's on top of us! But it wasn’t detected before!" Pan signaled. "Rico, stop the vehicle. Lila and I will check." They stepped out and looked up. A tall, gaunt creature with razor-sharp claws clung to the roof, staring at them with soulless black eyes. "What the hell is that?" Lila whispered. The creature lunged with blinding speed. Pan and Lila dodged, but their bullets had no effect. "Get back inside! Now!" Pan commanded. They sprinted back, Rico hitting the gas. Hart read his tablet. "This thing… it's like a predator. Faster, stronger." Dr. Alaric whispered, "If this was made by Dominion, we’re dealing with a far deadlier bioweapon than I imagined." The creature pursued them, closing the distance. Lila and Pan fired, but it dodged effortlessly. In one leap, it grabbed the steel trap containing the mutated zombie. "It’s trying to take the zombie!" Lila yelled. Pan hurled a smoke grenade, forcing the creature to retreat. The vehicle sped away. Inside, tension remained thick. "We can't keep running," Pan stated. "We need to fight back. And we need to find out what Dominion of Varex has really done."
Ain_Revenant · 6.3K Views

Atticus [BL]

“Evil God of the Universe, You are in every space and time. Present in every dimension of reality and govern the darkness of our world. Oh, almighty Atticus! Hear our plea and grant us your presence tonight, awaken my Lord!” The rain had completely stopped and the strong gale had subsided into the fading raindrops. The night had turned eerily silent and only the sizzling and cackling of the fire entered their ears. Suddenly, they all felt like floating from their feet despite setting foot on the watery, hard ground, as if they were traversing into space. The darkness of the night gradually turned darker, enveloping them, morphing into everyone, like a void eating them slowly. Sequentially, their breathing turned oddly slower. Despite exaggeratedly inhaling air to breathe, it was to no avail, as if a higher entity was limiting them from breathing. Nolan felt his throat and tried to open his mouth to gasp more air but failed. Everyone but him was in a state of indignation and panic as they struggled to breathe to fill their lungs with air. Nolan tried to calm his heart. He closed his eyes and stopped inhaling air in pure panic, instead, he put his heartbeat and breathing into a rhythm. It was hard at first, but after a minute, he found his breathing gradually went stable. His whole being was in pure anticipation of what was going to happen next. After a couple more minutes, the storm completely subsided, the night turned to normal. Nolan remained standing, taking in his surroundings with his eyes closed. Everything turned silent. The eerie atmosphere and the crackling of the fire from the hay figure didn’t even enter his ears. Nolan waited for a couple more minutes, his breathing turning normal. He was reluctant to open his eyes, afraid he might ruin their ritual. “It’s alright now, Young Master. You can open your eyes now.” Nolan’s breathing hitched. He jolted on his feet as he fluttered his eyes open. “Atticus? W-why are you here?” The butler, standing in front of him, a raincoat hung on his arm, smiled. “I am everywhere, Young Master, in order to best serve you.” **** Atticus, a demi-god from the underworld, was cast out of his parents' realm and banished to the human world. The reason? He had yet to give them any grandchildren. Disclaimer: This story is a work of fiction and is purely the product of my imagination. Any resemblance to real people, events, or beliefs is entirely coincidental. The intention is not to disrespect or diminish any faith or tradition, but rather to explore ideas within a fictional context. Reader discretion is advised.
lazyferret · 16.1K Views

Tale of the Mythical Beast Tamer

In a realm where humanity’s survival hinges on taming the primordial beasts that rule land, sea, and sky, ten-year-old Kai is branded a failure after bonding with a pitiful Rock Sparrow—a creature synonymous with weakness. But when Kai awakens a forbidden gift, **Beast Insight**, he uncovers the truth: even the lowliest beasts harbor mythic potential. Armed with the ability to see evolution paths invisible to others, Kai embarks on a perilous quest to transform his sparrow into a legendary Skyfeather Roc. Yet the materials he needs lie in the deadliest corners of the world: Stormheart Crystals guarded by tempests, Phoenix Down plucked from ashes of rebirth, and Essence of Gale siphoned from the lungs of hurricanes. Along the way, he forges bonds with misfit beasts discarded by society—a scarred Azure Wolf, a flame-drained Salamander, and a tree spirit cursed with rot—each hiding secrets only Kai can unlock. But power attracts envy. Ruthless Tamers, greedy nobles, and ancient beasts who resent humanity’s arrogance conspire to crush him. As Kai defies the limits of what a Tamer can achieve, he unravels a darker truth: the line between “tamer” and “beast” is thinner than anyone dares admit. And the gods who forged these bonds are watching… ***Tame or be tamed?*** In this epic saga of growth, betrayal, and soaring ambition, Kai will rewrite the laws of evolution—or become another cautionary tale in humanity’s fragile reign. --- **Tagline:** *"Weakness is an illusion. Every beast—and every soul—has a path to godhood."*
Nep_Facts · 3.5K Views

The Genesis of Stars

What will really happen if there is no human being left on Earth? What will Earth experience as a consequence of humanity’s own existence? Kaivan, a clever and meticulous writer with connections across various circles, suddenly finds himself in a position that forces him to part ways with Andin, a reporter and news anchor. Meanwhile, Andin continues her relentless pursuit of the truth about what has happened to her family, while struggling to accept the reality of what has happened to her relationship with Kaivan. The story will focus on the 'Future'. After enduring various periods of time, the Earth finally surrenders to the destructive behavior of humanity. As a result of their own actions, humans—who have continually harmed the Earth—even with their mere presence—are now beginning to seek alternatives to save themselves. Auroris Prime, as the new planet is called, has an atmosphere rich in oxygen and nitrogen, similar to Earth's atmosphere. It is largely covered by oceans. Signs of vegetation have been detected through light spectrum analysis. The gravity is slightly stronger than Earth’s (about 1.1 times Earth's gravity), which could affect human physical adaptation in the long term. Humanity will face various challenges. Will they surrender or continue to fight? Will they let go or continue to hold on? Aurie, Kaivan’s adopted daughter, will become a symbol of hope for the journey across the cosmos. A distance of 1,200 light-years is the main issue that must be considered. The risks of cosmic radiation, black holes, asteroids, and other unknown entities lurking in the dark all await. Trapped in unanswered questions, Kaivan, Andin, Aurie, and all of humanity must decide. Earth is no longer hospitable, nature is in chaos, the world is crumbling, and humanity may face extinction. No technology can answer these questions—except for one name, that appears from out of nowhere—Frankenstein.
YasirNasutionAH · 4.5K Views

Abraham–Lorentz force

Book Blurb: Abraham–Lorentz Force Delve into the intricate world of electrodynamics with Abraham–Lorentz Force, a comprehensive exploration that spans over a century of scientific discovery. This book takes you on a journey from the foundational principles of classical electrodynamics, as established by Maxwell and Lorentz, through the early developments in radiation reaction and the formulation of the non-relativistic Abraham–Lorentz force. It then ventures into the realm of relativity with detailed analyses of the Abraham–Lorentz–Dirac equation and its modern extensions, including alternate formulations such as the Landau–Lifshitz approach. At its core, Abraham–Lorentz Force bridges the gap between theory and experiment. Readers will discover advanced theoretical perspectives, delve into experimental investigations that test these ideas, and explore how collective phenomena in plasmas and quantum theories converge to shape our understanding of self-interaction. The latter chapters address future directions and unresolved questions, challenging the reader to consider the classical–quantum transition, self-force problems in quantum gravity and string theory, and even the quest for a grand unified theory. Structured into twelve meticulously organized chapters, the book begins with: • Chapter 1: Foundations of Classical Electrodynamics – Laying the groundwork with Maxwell’s equations and the Lorentz force. • Chapter 2: Early Developments in Radiation Reaction – Tracing the pioneering work that first identified the self-interaction of accelerating charges. • Chapter 3: The Non-Relativistic Abraham–Lorentz Force – Analyzing the classical self-force in low-speed regimes. • Chapter 4: Relativistic Extensions and the Abraham–Lorentz–Dirac Equation – Extending the theory into the relativistic domain. • Chapter 5: Alternate Formulations and the Landau–Lifshitz Approach – Introducing pragmatic alternatives that avoid pathological predictions. • Chapter 6: Advanced Theoretical Perspectives – Exploring cutting-edge ideas that push the boundaries of current models. • Chapter 7: Experimental Investigations and Observations – Reviewing key experiments that validate and challenge theoretical predictions. • Chapter 8: Collective Phenomena in Plasmas – Examining how self-interaction affects the dynamics of complex plasma systems. • Chapter 9: Connections to Quantum Theories – Linking classical concepts to quantum electrodynamics and beyond. • Chapter 10: Future Directions and Unresolved Questions – Highlighting emerging research frontiers and ongoing challenges. • Chapter 11: Appendices – Providing essential mathematical identities, notational conventions, and historical documents. • Chapter 12: Analysis of References in Electrodynamics and Radiation Reaction – Evaluating the significance and impact of seminal works in the field. This book is an indispensable resource for PhD students, researchers, and professionals seeking to gain a deep, nuanced understanding of radiation reaction and self-interaction. It blends rigorous theory with practical insights, supported by extensive historical context and modern experimental evidence. With clear explanations, vivid analogies, and carefully structured content, Abraham–Lorentz Force not only encapsulates the evolution of electrodynamics but also illuminates the future directions of this dynamic field.
Andrew_Bardsley · 1K Views

The Dark Angel Will Never Let Her Go

He will always find her. In every life he will find her. He will love her. He will be her doom. This is their curse. Seri was a smalltown girl. She had a good life, loving supportive parents and friends, a bright future as an artist ahead of her. Her world abruptly changes when she meets a handsome stranger at a bar. His presence threatens to tear her heart apart as she learns the truth about herself. Her lineage. Her past. and their curse. When sudden disappearance shake her town and someone close to her disappears, Seri's world shatters. A war is brewing between Heaven and Earth, mortals and immortals. It will be the final war. Seri will embark on a journey that threatens to unravel the secrets hidden long ago. these secrets will force her to make a choice, one that could tip the scales deciding the fate of the world. This book is a bit of a slow burn but when it picks up the steam will satisfy the wait. Exerts from the book: *BANG* My ears were ringing, it suddenly got so much colder. Hard to breathe. Next to me mother shrieks in horror looking at my stomach. There’s blood. It was leaking from me. Pain slammed into me, felt like I was hit with a thousand knives. It was so agonizing I tried to brace myself back against the railing. Hard to breathe. I could feel the warmth of my blood dripping from my mouth. Looking down and a dark red color drenched me. Mother on her knees wailing uncontrollably. Detaching my clipped life vest to look at my hole. Blood now smeared my vision as I tried to wipe the red from my eyes. Screams and footsteps echoed loudly in my ears. Then suddenly I’m falling. “Hey now, hey now, fainting at the sight of me are you?” His sensual voice slipped in my ears like smooth milk chocolate. the taste of iron consumed my mouth, hot blood flooded me when I tried to laugh. It hurt. Oh god why did it hurt so bad. Tears drifted down my cheeks the salt leaving a trail of it’s path behind it. “You’re gonna be okay, I promise.” “You found me.” a smile creeped up my face. “I’ll always find you.” The ship began to lift into the air and people began to fall. I blink and then I’m falling. With one breath in I hit the ice cold water. Paralyzed. I couldn’t move. The screams and cries of woman and children pounded with water. Slipping. I was slipping under the violent thrashing waves. The air being sucked from my lungs. I try to open to breathe only got water to rush in instead. I was drowning. I was going to die. Gasping for air only to swallow more water. The water was like liquid ice touching my skin, but my lungs burned. A scream burst from my mouth only to be drowned by the water that came in after. I sank deeper and deeper.* *I saw his eyes flash a glowing white before he closed them and started kissing me again. This time it was gentler and softer than before. He tasted like warm honey biscuits. He was passionate and relaxed with his movement. I didn’t stop him. No, instead, I let him claim my lips. I run my hands though his hair pulling his face closer to mine. He rests his body on me, his weight heavy against my smaller frame, pressing me into the bed. The pressure of his body weight made me want to spread my legs and when I did a fire sparked inside me, my core was a blaze. My intimate area felt wet and hot like lava, and it was like everything around me melted away and I was lost in this kiss. This single moment in my life was undoing me. He pulled my head up sliding his arm underneath my neck to keep his body lifted slightly as he ran his fingers up my side. My body jolted; my hips instinctively lifted upwards, pushing against him. I could feel him harden between my legs and an unfamiliar ache stirred inside me, I moaned into his mouth. I could feel my body burning up again. I was getting dizzy, and I started to sweat. Or was that steam coming from us? Stars began dancing in my vision. Then a darkness swallowed me, and I was lost.* discord for this book is: https://discord.gg/Wx3RS62W
Devonany · 34.5K Views

Story of my heart

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David_Eve · 227 Views
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