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Mesopotamia

Indian History our pride...

According to consensus in modern genetics, anatomically modern humans first arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa between 73,000 and 55,000 years ago.[1] However, the earliest known human remains in South Asia date to 30,000 years ago. Settled life, which involves the transition from foraging to farming and pastoralism, began in South Asia around 7000 BCE. At the site of Mehrgarh presence can be documented of the domestication of wheat and barley, rapidly followed by that of goats, sheep, and cattle.[2] By 4500 BCE, settled life had spread more widely,[2] and began to gradually evolve into the Indus Valley civilisation, an early civilisation of the Old World, which was contemporaneous with Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. This civilisation flourished between 2500 BCE and 1900 BCE in what today is Pakistan and north-western India, and was noted for its urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage, and water supply.[3] Indus Valley civilisation, mature phase (2600–1900 BCE) Early on in the second millennium BCE, persistent drought caused the population of the Indus Valley to scatter from large urban centres to villages. Around the same time, Indo-Aryan tribes moved into the Punjab from Central Asia in several waves of migration. Their Vedic Period (1500–500 BCE) was marked by the composition of the Vedas, large collections of hymns of these tribes. Their varna system, which evolved into the caste system, consisted of a hierarchy of priests, warriors, and free peasants. The pastoral and nomadic Indo-Aryans spread from the Punjab into the Gangetic plain, large swaths of which they deforested for agriculture usage. The composition of Vedic texts ended around 600 BCE, when a new, interregional culture arose. Small chieftaincies, or janapadas, were consolidated into larger states, or mahajanapadas, and a second urbanisation took place. This urbanisation was accompanied by the rise of new ascetic movements in Greater Magadha, including Jainism and Buddhism, which opposed the growing influence of Brahmanism and the primacy of rituals, presided by Brahmin priests, that had come to be associated with Vedic religion,[4] and gave rise to new religious concepts.[5] In response to the success of these movements, Vedic Brahmanism was synthesised with the preexisting religious cultures of the subcontinent, giving rise to Hinduism.
Divyansh_Rastogi_3267 · 1.9K Views

Compendium Primordial: The list of species for Kigal

In the ancient era of Mesopotamia, a civilization remarkably ahead of its time, the inhabitants possessed an understanding that Earth was a crucial part of Kigal, a primordial cosmic entity from which the known universe originated. The question that looms over history is how they acquired this knowledge and what significance Kigal held in their ancient beliefs. Fast forward to the year 2045, where an unprecedented accident shakes the foundations of contemporary science. In a groundbreaking experiment, scientists accidentally create a wormhole, unleashing a swarm of peculiar green beings armed with swords and armor. Amidst the chaos, one scientist urgently warns of the creatures as "goblins." Enter Edward, a chosen pioneer selected to embark on a journey into this mysterious new world and uncover its secrets. As Edward ventures through the wormhole, he discovers a realm unlike anything he could have imagined. From ancient ruins reminiscent of Mesopotamian civilization to strange landscapes inhabited by enigmatic creatures, Edward must navigate the unknown and confront the mysteries surrounding Kigal. This compendium serves as an introduction to the unfolding saga, leaving readers with a tantalizing glimpse into a world where ancient knowledge collides with futuristic exploration. As the story develops, readers can anticipate a rich narrative that combines elements of science fiction, fantasy, and historical intrigue. Suggestions and feedback are eagerly welcomed as the author stockpiles the tale for its upcoming release. The journey into the unexplored cosmos of Kigal promises to be a riveting adventure filled with discovery, challenges, and the unraveling of ancient secrets.
Umaru_chan · 18K Views

Knowledge Of Science

Science (from the Latin word scientia, meaning "knowledge")[1] is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.[2][3][4] The Universe represented as multiple disk-shaped slices across time, which passes from left to right The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE.[5][6] Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.[5][6] After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages,[7] but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age.[8] The recovery and assimilation of Greek works and Islamic inquiries into Western Europe from the 10th to 13th century revived "natural philosophy",[7][9] which was later transformed by the Scientific Revolution that began in the 16th century[10] as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions.[11][12][13][14] The scientific method soon played a greater role in knowledge creation and it was not until the 19th century that many of the institutional and professional features of science began to take shape;[15][16][17] along with the changing of "natural philosophy" to "natural science."[18] Modern science is typically divided into three major branches[19] that consist of the natural sciences (e.g., biology, chemistry, and physics), which study nature in the broadest sense; the social sciences (e.g., economics, psychology, and sociology), which study individuals and societies;[20][21] and the formal sciences (e.g., logic, mathematics, and theoretical computer science), which deal with symbols governed by rules.[22][23] There is disagreement,[24][25][26] however, on whether the formal sciences actually constitute a science as they do not rely on empirical evidence.[27][25] Disciplines that use existing scientific knowledge for practical purposes, such as engineering and medicine, are described as applied sciences.[28][29][30][31][32] New knowledge in science is advanced by research from scientists who are motivated by curiosity about the world and a desire to solve problems.[33][34] Contemporary scientific research is highly collaborative and is usually done by teams in academic and research institutions,[35] government agencies, and companies.[36][37] The practical impact of their work has led to the emergence of science policies that seek to influence the scientific enterprise by prioritizing the development of commercial products, armaments, health care, public infrastructure, and environmental protection.
akstudio453 · 5.2K Views
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