Joshua knew what an Aragami looked like.
Well, he was too focused on clearing new dungeons in his previous life in the game. So he did not really pay much attention to the information about the Divine Armaments and the Aragami. However, those were merely mainstream topics being discussed among the players. So even when he did not intentionally go and look or even listen to it, he was still informed about it by the people around him.
The appearance of an Aragami was one of the information he heard about. The unique yet strange appearance was absolutely different from the appearance of the other monsters in Continental War. The artwork of it was unique and memorable. So after seeing it once, there was no way anyone would forget about it soon.