The Dragon's Edge, it transferred all kinds of information to Chen Xiaobei's mind as he held it in his hand. Thanks to that, Chen Xiaobei got to know his Dragon's Edge better.
Heavenly tribulation would land on a person when the person committed sinful activities that went against heavenly rules.
A trial would be encountered by cultivators at key points in their cultivation, in which they must resist and ultimately transcend. Because immortal cultivation (generally) goes against the Will of Heaven, the Heavens would send down tribulation to oppress high-level cultivators who were in the progress of achieving Immortality. This happened often when they entered a new cultivation stage.