Medicinal spiritualization was used to describe techniques in which the spiritual power of heaven and earth was used to extract the life force from plants and vegetation, which was then used to create stronger medicines. It was something that, as an apothecary himself, Bai Xiaochun would sometimes do.
In terms of blood-spirit fertilization, it was very much as the name indicated. It involved burying people alive in the soil so that the spirit plants could absorb that person's spirit and blood to grow faster and stronger.
Only unscrupulous and evil apothecaries would use such methods. Bai Xiaochun had actually seen such evil before in the Wildlands, for example, when Song Que had been turned into a living spirit stone.
Another blood-spirit fertilization technique he had seen once was a vile method in which a seed was planted into a person's body, which would then grow inside of them and take them over.