The common Elements are:
Fire
Water
Ice
Thunder
Dragon
The common Ailments are
Poison
Sleep
Paralysis
Blast
Bleed
Blights: they occur if one takes too much elemental damage.
Fire Blight: burning damage
Water Blight: Weakens stamina recovery
Ice Blight: Increases Stamina expenditure
Thunder Blight: Makes one susceptible to being stunned
Dragon Blight: Reduces Elemental power of weapons and increases Elemental damage taken
The common Weapons used by Hunters are
Greatsword
Longsword
Sword and Shield
Dual Blades
Hammer
Hunting Horn
Lance
Gun Lance
Switch Axe
Insect Glaive
Charge Blade
Light Bowgun
Heavy Bowgun
Bow