The Goryeo Dynasty, established in 918 by King Taejo, was a Korean kingdom that succeeded the Later Three Kingdoms and laid the cultural, political, and artistic foundation for what would become a unified Korean identity. The Goryeo period, lasting until 1392, was marked by both great advancements in cultural developments, like the invention of metal type printing, and military turbulence, including invasions from the Khitan, Jurchens, and later the Mongols. Throughout this era, mysticism and magic were embedded into the very fabric of society, with shamans, monks, and magicians all playing roles in the protection and well-being of the kingdom. The convergence of Buddhist influences, folk traditions, and early Taoist practices formed the foundation of Goryeo's mystical arts.