Introduction to cloud computing.
What is Computing?
The process of utilizing computer technology to complete a task.
Computing may involve computer hardware and or software, but must involve some form of a computer system.
Define computing Paradigm?
The cloud computing paradigm realizes and promotes the delivery of hardware and software resources over the Internet according to on-demand utility-based model (utility computing is a service model in cloud computing that provides computing resource on demand)
Different computing paradigm.
The different types of computing paradigm are.
Parallel Computing.
Distributed Computing.
Cluster computing.
Grid Computing.
Cloud Computing.
Parallel Computing: -
Parallel Computing is defined as type of computing where multiple computer systems are used simultaneously.
Here a problem is broken into sub-problems and then further broken down into instructions.
These instructions from each sub-problem are executed concurrently on different processors.
Here in below diagram you can see how the parallel computing system consists of multiple processors that communicate with
each other and perform multiple task over shared memory simultaneously.
The goal of parallel computing is to save time and provide concurrency.
Distributed Computing.
Distributed computing is defined as type of computing where multiple computer system work on a single problem.
Computer system are linked together and the problem is divided into sub-problems where each part is solved by different
computer systems.
The goal of distributed computing is to increase the performance and efficiency of the system and ensure fault tolerance.
In the below diagram, each processor has its own local memory and all the processors communicate with each other over a
network.
Cluster computing.
A cluster is a group of independent computers that work together to perform the task given
Cluster computing is defined as a type of computing that consists of two or more independent computers, referred to as nodes that work together to execute tasks as a single machine
The goal of cluster computing is to increase the performance, scalability, and simplicity of the system
As you can see in the below diagram all the nodes acts as a single entity to perform the tasks.
Grid Computing.
Grid Computing is a type of computing infrastructure that combines resources from multiple computers in different locations to work on a common task.
The computer doesn't need to be in the same building or country as long as they are connected through a network.
Grid Computing uses heterogeneous nodes located in different companies. These nodes can be combined to perform single task.
Examples of grid computing: - weather forecast, Scientific research.
The goal of grid computing is to solve more high computational problems in less time and improve productivity.
Cloud Computing:
Cloud is defined as the usage of someone else's server to host, processor or store data.
Cloud Computing is defined as the type of computing where it is the delivery of on-demand computing services over the internet on pay-as-you-go basis
There type of cloud is public, private, hybrid and community and some cloud provides are Google, AWS, Microsoft etc.
The diagram below shows how it works.
Comparison of various computing Technologies:-
A list of cloud computing technologies are given below
Virtualization
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
Grid Computing
Utility Computing
Virtualization: Virtualization is the process of creating a virtual environment to run multiple application and operating systems on the same server
The virtual environment can be anything, such as single instance or a combination of many
operating system, storage device, network application servers and other environment
The concept of virtualization in cloud computing increases the use of virtual machine
A virtual machines software computer or software program that not only work as physical computer but can also function as a physical machine and perform tasks such as running application as per the user's demand.
SOA (SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE):SOA allows organization to access on-demand cloud based computing solutions according to change business needs .
It can work without or with cloud computing
Grid Computing: Grid computing is also known as distributed computing
It is a processor architecture that combines various different computing resources from multiple location to achieve common goal
In grid computing the grid is connected by parallel nodes to from a particular computer cluster
These computer cluster are in different sizes and run on any operating system
Utility Computing: Utility Computing is most trending IT service model
It provides on-demand computing resource and infrastructure based on the pay per use method
It minimizes the associated costs and maximizes the efficient use of resource.
Cloud computing basics:-
What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computing resources over the internet. These resources include Data storage, servers, Development tools.
History of cloud computing:-
In 1950's Mainframe computer were huge, occupying entire room, and The solution was "time sharing'' in which multiple users shared access to data and CPU.
In 1969 JCR Licklinder developed the ARPANET (Advanced Research project Agency Network)
In 1970's IBM released on operating system called virtual machine that allowed to have multiple virtual system or single physical node
In 1990's Telecommunication companies started offering virtualized private network connections
In 1997 the term ''Cloud Computing'' is coined by university of Texas professor Ramnath Cherappa.
In 2002 Amazon created AWS (Amazon web services) as providing and advanced system of cloud services from storage to computation.
In 2009 Google and Microsoft entered the playing field called google app engine brought low cost computing and storage device and Microsoft followed with Windows Azure.
In 2010 the on server field service management software moves
to the cloud.
Characteristics of cloud computing:-
On-demand self-services: The Cloud computing services does not require any human administrators, user themselves are able to provision, monitor and manage computing resources as needed.
Broad network access: The Computing services are generally
provided over standard networks and heterogeneous devices.
Rapid elasticity: The Computing services should have IT resources that are able to scale out and in quickly and on as needed basis. Whenever the user require services it is provided to him and it is scale out as soon as its requirement gets over.
Resource pooling: The IT resource (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) present are shared across multiple applications and occupant in an uncommitted manner. Multiple clients are provided service from a same physical resource.
Measured service: The resource utilization is tracked for each application and occupant, it will provide both the user and the resource provider with an account of what has been used. This is done for various reasons like monitoring billing and effective use of resource.
FEATURES OF CLOUD COMPUTING:-
1. Resources Pooling.
Resource pooling is one of the essential features of cloud computing.
Resource pooling means that a cloud service provider can share resources among multiple clients, each providing a different set of services according to their needs.
It is a multi-client strategy that can be applied to data storage, processing and bandwidth-delivered services. The administration process of allocating resources in real-time does not conflict with the client's experience.
2. On-Demand Self-Service.
It is one of the important and essential features of cloud computing.
This enables the client to continuously monitor server uptime, capabilities and allocated network storage.
This is a fundamental feature of cloud computing, and a customer can also control the computing capabilities according
to their needs.
3. Easy Maintenance.
This is one of the best cloud features.
Servers are easily maintained, and downtime is minimal or sometimes zero.
Cloud computing powered resources often undergo several updates to optimize their capabilities and potential.
Updates are more viable with devices and perform faster than previous versions.
4. Scalability and Rapid Elasticity.
A key feature and advantage of cloud computing is its rapid scalability.
This cloud feature enables cost-effective handling of workloads that require a large number of servers but only for a short period. Many customers have workloads that can be run very cost-effectively due to the rapid scalability of cloud computing.
5.Economical.
This cloud feature helps in reducing the IT expenditure of the organizations. In cloud computing, clients need to pay the administration for the space used by them. There is no cover-up or additional charges that need to be paid. Administration is economical, and more often than not, some space is allocated for free.
6. Measured and Reporting Service.
Reporting Services is one of the many cloud features that make it the best choice for organizations.
The measurement and reporting service is helpful for both cloud providers and their customers.
This enables both the provider and the customer to monitor and report which services have been used and for what purposes.
It helps in monitoring billing and ensuring optimum utilization of resources.
7. Security.
Data security is one of the best features of cloud computing. Cloud services make a copy of the stored data to prevent any kind of data loss.
If one server loses data by any chance, the copied version is restored from the other server.
This feature comes in handy when multiple users are working on a particular file in real-time, and one file suddenly gets corrupted.
8. Automation.
Automation is an essential feature of cloud computing.
The ability of cloud computing to automatically install, configure and maintain a cloud service is known as automation in cloud computing.
In simple words, it is the process of making the most of the technology and minimizing the manual effort.
However, achieving automation in a cloud ecosystem is not that easy. This requires the installation and deployment of virtual machines, servers, and large storage.
On successful deployment, these resources also require constant maintenance.
9. Resilience.
Resilience in cloud computing means the ability of a service to quickly recover from any disruption.
The resilience of a cloud is measured by how fast its servers, databases and network systems restart and recover from any loss or damage.
Availability is another key feature of cloud computing. Since cloud services can be accessed remotely, there are no geographic restrictions or limits on the use of cloud resources.
10. Large Network Access.
A big part of the cloud's characteristics is its ubiquity (Ubiquitous computing is a computing paradigm that involves linking electronic devices and incorporating microprocessors for data communication.).
The client can access cloud data or transfer data to the cloud from any location with a device and internet connection.
These capabilities are available everywhere in the organization and are achieved with the help of internet.
Cloud providers deliver that large network access by monitoring and guaranteeing measurements that reflect how clients access cloud resources and data: latency, access times, data throughput,
and more.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING.
1) Back-up and restore data:-
Once the data is stored in the cloud, it is easier to get back-up and restore that data using the cloud.
2) Improved collaboration:-
Cloud applications improve collaboration by allowing groups of people to quickly and easily share information in the cloud via
shared storage.
3) Excellent accessibility:-
Cloud allows us to quickly and easily access store information anywhere, anytime in the whole world, using an internet connection. An internet cloud infrastructure increases organization productivity and efficiency by ensuring that our data is always accessible.
4) Low maintenance cost:-
Cloud computing reduces both hardware and software maintenance costs for organizations.
5) Mobility:-
Cloud computing allows us to easily access all cloud data via mobile.
6) IServices in the pay-per-use model:-
Cloud computing offers Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to the users for access services on the cloud and pays the charges as per the usage of service.
7) Unlimited storage capacity:-
Cloud offers us a huge amount of storing capacity for storing our important data such as documents, images, audio, video, etc. in one place.
8) Data security:-
Data security is one of the biggest advantages of cloud computing. Cloud offers many advanced features related to security and ensures that data is securely stored and handled.
Disadvantage of cloud computing.:-
1) Internet Connectivity
As you know, in cloud computing, every data (image, audio, video, etc.) is stored on the cloud, and we access these data through the cloud by using the internet connection. If you do not have good internet connectivity, you cannot access these data. However, we have no any other way to access data from the cloud.
2) Vendor lock-in:-
In cloud computing, vendor lock-in is a situation where a client becomes dependent on a single cloud provider for their computing needs. The client is unable to easily switch to another provider without incurring large expenditures or experiencing business disruptions
Vendor lock-in is the biggest disadvantage of cloud computing. Organizations may face problems when transferring their services from one vendor to another. As different vendors provide different platforms, that can cause difficulty moving from one cloud to another.
3) Limited Control:-
As we know, cloud infrastructure is completely owned, managed, and monitored by the service provider, so the cloud users have less control over the function and execution of services within a cloud infrastructure.
4) Security:-
Although cloud service providers implement the best security standards to store important information. But, before adopting cloud technology, you should be aware that you will be sending all your organization's sensitive information to a third party, i.e. a cloud computing service provider. While sending the data on the cloud, there may be a chance that your organization's information is hacked by Hackers.
Application Cloud computing:-.
Cloud service providers provide various applications in the field of art, business, data storage and backup services, education, entertainment, management, social networking, etc.
The most widely used cloud computing applications are given below.
1. Art Applications.
Cloud computing offers various art applications for quickly and easily design attractive cards, booklets, and images. Some most commonly used cloud art applications are given below:
I Moo.
Moo is one of the best cloud art applications. It is used for designing and printing business cards, postcards, and mini cards.
ii. Vistaprint
Vistaprint allows us to easily design various printed marketing products such as business cards, Postcards, Booklets, and wedding invitations cards.
iii. Adobe Creative Cloud
Adobe creative cloud is made for designers, artists, filmmakers, and other creative professionals. It is a suite of apps which includes Photoshop image editing programming, Illustrator, InDesign, TypeKit, Dreamweaver, XD, and Audition.
2. Business Applications
Business applications are based on cloud service providers. Today, every organization requires the cloud business application to grow their business. It also ensures that business applications are 24*7 available to users.
There are the following business applications of cloud computing -
i. MailChimp.
MailChimp is an email publishing platform which provides various options to design, send, and save templates for emails.
iii. Salesforce.
Salesforce platform provides tools for sales, service, marketing, e-commerce, and more. It also provides a cloud development platform.
iv. Chatter.
Chatter helps us to share important information about the organization in real time.
v. Bitrix24.
Bitrix24 is a collaboration platform which provides communication, management, and social collaboration tools.
vi. Paypal.
Paypal offers the simplest and easiest online payment mode using a secure internet account. Paypal accepts the payment through debit cards, credit cards, and also from Paypal account holders.
vii. Slack.
Slack stands for Searchable Log of all Conversation and Knowledge. It provides a user-friendly interface that helps us to create public and private channels for communication.
viii. Quickbooks.
Quickbooks works on the terminology "Run Enterprise anytime, anywhere, on any device." It provides online accounting solutions for the business. It allows more than 20 users to work simultaneously on the same system.
3. Data Storage and Backup Applications.
Cloud computing allows us to store information (data, files, images, audios, and videos) on the cloud and access this information using an internet connection. As the cloud provider is responsible for providing security, so they offer various backup recovery application for retrieving the lost data.
A list of data storage and backup applications in the cloud are given below -
i. Box.com.
Box provides an online environment for secure content management, workflow, and collaboration. It allows us to store different files such as Excel, Word, PDF, and images on the cloud. The main advantage of using box is that it provides drag
& drop service for files and easily integrates with Office 365, G Suite, Salesforce, and more than 1400 tools.
ii. Mozy.
Mozy provides powerful online backup solutions for our personal and business data. It schedules automatically back up for each day at a specific time.
iii. Joukuu.
Joukuu provides the simplest way to share and track cloud- based backup files. Many users use joukuu to search files, folders, and collaborate on documents.
iv. Google G Suite.
Google G Suite is one of the best cloud
storage and backup application. It includes Google Calendar, Docs, Forms, Google+, Hangouts, as well as cloud storage and tools for managing cloud apps. The most popular app in the Google G Suite is Gmail. Gmail offers free email services to users.
4. Education Applications
Cloud computing in the education sector becomes very popular. It offers various online distance learning platforms and student information portals to the students. The advantage of using cloud in the field of education is that it offers strong virtual classroom environments, Ease of accessibility, secure data storage, scalability, greater reach for the students, and minimal hardware requirements for the applications.
There are the following education applications offered by the cloud -
i. Google Apps for Education.
Google Apps for Education is the most widely used platform for free web-based email, calendar, documents, and collaborative study.
ii. Chromebooks for Education.
Chromebook for Education is one of the most important Google's projects. It is designed for the purpose that it enhances education innovation.
iii. Tablets with Google Play for Education
It allows educators to quickly implement the latest technology solutions into the classroom and make it available to their students.
iv. AWS in Education.
AWS cloud provides an education-friendly environment to universities, community colleges, and schools.
5. Entertainment Applications
Entertainment industries use a multi-cloud strategy to interact with the target audience. Cloud computing offers various entertainment applications such as online games and video conferencing.
i. Online games.
Today, cloud gaming becomes one of the most important entertainment media. It offers various online games that run remotely from the cloud. The best cloud gaming services are Shaow, GeForce Now, Vortex, Project xCloud, and PlayStation Now.
ii. Video Conferencing Apps.
Video conferencing apps provides a simple and instant connected experience. It allows us to communicate with our business partners, friends, and relatives using a cloud-based video conferencing. The benefits of using video conferencing are that it reduces cost, increases efficiency, and removes interoperability.
i. Toggl.
Toggl helps users to track allocated time period for a particular project.
ii. Evernote.
Evernote allows you to sync and save your recorded notes, typed notes, and other notes in one convenient place. It is available for both free as well as a paid version.
It uses platforms like Windows, macOS, Android, iOS, Browser, and Unix.
iii. Outright.
Outright is used by management users for the purpose of accounts. It helps to track income, expenses, profits, and losses in real-time environment.
iv. GoToMeeting
GoToMeeting provides Video Conferencing and online meeting apps, which allows you to start a meeting with your business partners from anytime, anywhere using mobile phones or tablets. Using GoToMeeting app, you can perform the tasks related to the management such as join meetings in seconds, view presentations on the shared screen, get alerts for upcoming meetings, etc.
7. Social Applications.
Social cloud applications allow a large number of users to connect with each other using social networking applications such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc.
There are the following cloud based social applications –
i. Facebook.
Facebook is a social networking website which allows active users to share files, photos, videos, status, more to their friends, relatives, and business partners using the cloud storage system. On Facebook, we will always get notifications when our friends like and comment on the posts.
ii. Twitter.
Twitter is a social networking site. It is a microblogging system.
It allows users to follow high profile celebrities, friends, relatives, and receive news. It sends and receives short posts called tweets.
iii. Yammer.
Yammer is the best team collaboration tool that allows a team of employees to chat, share images, documents, and videos.
iv. LinkedIn.
LinkedIn is a social network for students, fresher, and professionals.
Trends in cloud computing:-
Hybrid or multi-cloud solutions:
Multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud are the most prevalent business strategies used today that combine more than one cloud platform, which is why many companies are utilizing these strategies and will continue to depend on them in the future.
A hybrid cloud approach integrates the usage of public cloud services with the establishment of a private cloud for a particular company.
Enterprises use this approach for better scalability, enhanced agility, and lower costs.
A multi-cloud approach uses multiple clouds that are part of the same system, such as an enterprise that has two or more private clouds or two or more public clouds. Enterprises use this approach due to increased flexibility, security, reliability, and redundancy, as well as decreased vendor lock-in and significant cost savings.
Cloud Disaster Recovery (CDR):
Companies are substantially impacted by cyberattacks, data loss, and system malfunctions.
The finest cloud-based disaster recovery solution, called Cloud Disaster Recovery (CDR), combines several backup techniques
and services to safeguard resources, apps, and data in a cloud platform after a disaster occurs and prevent business disruptions.
It provides accessibility, adaptability, and scalability. Due to CDR, traditional infrastructure is no longer required, and downtime is significantly reduced.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) platform:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly important for many activities, modern technological advancements, and cloud service providers.
These technological advancements help organizations conduct their operations smoothly.
With AI, IT companies can manage massive amounts of data to increase productivity while boosting cybersecurity solutions to protect their data.
AI technology increases computer productivity and automates and intelligently controls processes like generative automatic learning.
Cloud computing with Artificial Intelligence (AI) will be the important cloud computing trend in 2023 and beyond.
And we can expect to continue seeing innovation in this field as hyper-scale cloud service providers continue to use AI technology to develop cloud services for their clients that are more efficient and affordable.
Edge computing: Edge computing is a distributed computing environment in which data is processed and stored closer to the original device as feasible.
Compared to the traditional cloud computing frameworks, this framework minimizes latency and network cost since the information is handled right away where it is being generated.
This framework reduces the need for data to travel over long distances and aids in protecting devices from cybersecurity risks.
of the cloud computing trend in 2023 to boost performance and enhance user experience.
Internet of Things (IoT) platform: The Internet of Things (IoT) platform is among the most popular cloud computing developments in today's hyper-connected society.
It is a platform that uses widely used devices to make cloud- based applications and administrations possible.
It is currently the fastest-growing industry. In the coming years, the IoT will continue to present new opportunities for digital business innovation, which will be made possible by cutting- edge or upgraded technologies.
Automation has always been and will continue to be essential to cloud adoption to increase business operations efficiency.
Also, automation technologies, techniques, and procedures improve many task's reliability and speed.
It is more common in the manufacturing, utility, transportation, and security industries.
Businesses that integrate their data and systems into the cloud can automate various internal processes, including data aggregation from many locations and creating business intelligence dashboards. So, in 2023, we will see an enormous increase in the adoption of automation.
CLOUD PLATFORMsERVICEPROVIDERS
The cloud platformserviceprovider are.
Amazon Web Service.
Microsoft Azure.
Google Cloud.
IBM Cloud.
Oracle Cloud.
1. Amazon Web Service:-
AWS launched in 2006, AWS is the best cloud service provider leading in the market. It becomes a major player in AI, database, machine learning, 5G cloud, multi-cloud and serverless deployments. AWS operates in 20 geographical regions across the world. The company reported a revenue of 9 billion dollars in Q3 2019.
AWS offers 175 fully-featured services to meet any kind of business requirements. These services are database storage, computing power, networking and many more
You can virtually host any applications, including networks like firewall, DNS, Load balancing, or even you can have your virtual private cloud.
AWS applications are scalable, flexible, reliable, secure and trustworthy.
Easy sign-up and fast deployment. The best thing is there is no upfront cost and you pay for what you use. It also offers a FREE tier for some of their popular services.
2. Microsoft Azure:-
Microsoft Azure was launched in 2010 as Windows Azure, and later in 2014, it was renamed, Microsoft Azure. It was launched years after the release of AWS and Google cloud but still, it is the fastest-growing cloud and giving tough competition to AWS and other cloud service providers. There is a five-year partnership between Microsoft and Disney. In this partnership, the new method will be developed to move production content to the cloud. Azure has 54 data centers regions across the world available in 140 countries.
Azure offers hundreds of services including AI + Machine Learning, Analytics, Blockchain, Compute, Containers, Databases, Developer Tools, DevOps, Identity, Integration,
Internet of Things, Management, Media, Microsoft Azure Stack, Migration, Mixed Reality, Mobile, Networking, Security, Storage, Web, and Windows Virtual Desktop.
Microsoft Azure is available with public or private cloud service or hybrid cloud service consists of both private and public.
Scalability, consistency, security, flexibility, and cost- effectiveness.
Azure supports various operating systems, databases, tools, programming languages and frameworks.
It's easier for users to move their application or framework without any hassle and recoding them again.
24/7 cooperative team paying attention to their customers. A free trial version of Microsoft Azure is available for 30 days.
3. Google Cloud:-
Google cloud is another set of solutions for users to get the benefit of cloud services. If you are serious about latency to build performance-oriented applications then Google cloud is the best choice because it includes GCP & G Suite. According to Gardner, the public cloud services market is forecast to grow 17% in 2020 to $266.4 billion, up from $227.8 billion in 2019. Google cloud has a firm grip over the banking and finance sector. eBay, Snapdeal, and HSBC are some major clients of Google. In July 2019 VMWare also announced a partnership with Google cloud which is the biggest collaboration of last year. As of Q1 2020, Google Cloud Platform is available in 22 regions, 61 zones and 200+ countries.
It offers a variety of products and services including AI and Machine Learning, API Management, Compute, Containers, Data Analytics, Databases, Developer Tools, Healthcare and Life Sciences, Hybrid and Multi-cloud, Internet of Things, Management Tools, Media and Gaming, Migration, Networking, Security and Identity, Serverless Computing, and Storage. Google products are also offered in the cloud, including
G Suite, Google Maps Platform, Google Hardware, Google Identity, Chrome Enterprise, Android Enterprise, Apigee, Firebase, and Orbitera.
Security, stability, flexibility, scalability and trustworthy.
GCP offers the cheapest cloud services in the market. It offers $300 in credit to be used in 60 days as a free trial.
Flexible payment plans based on Pay-As-You-Go (PAYG).
Also, the cost only applies if the codes given by a user run accurately if not, it doesn't cost any amount.
Easy migration of data without touching or rewriting any codes.
Machine learning and the use of API are very easy.
Freedom to select and unite the desired tools, data models and delivery models in designing/creating the next-generation services or applications.
Users can manage their applications in many coding languages such as Java, Python, Swift, Php, etc.
IBM AI helps with its multifunctional ability such as text to speech, detecting language, machine learning, classification of
natural language, etc.
Costs depends on the usage but free in its lite mode with free access to more than 40 services by IBM Cloud.
You can incorporate highly performing cloud communications and services into your IT environment with the help of IBM Bluemix Cloud platform.
5. Oracle Cloud:-
Oracle Cloud is an ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning) based cloud service that helps you to build, deploy, and manage workloads in the cloud or on-premises. Oracle has approximately 4, 30, 000 huge numbers of clients around the world. The total revenue generated by Oracle was around 6.81 billion dollars in 2019.
Oracle IaaS offerings are Compute, Storage, Networking, Governance, Database, Load Balancing, DNS Monitoring, Ravello, and FastConnect.IaaS help to run any kind of workload of an Enterprise.
Oracle PaaS offerings are Data Management, Application
Development, Integration, Business Analytics, Security, Management, and Content and Enterprise. PaaS helps developers to develop, connect, secure and share data across the applications.
Oracle SaaS offerings are CX, HCM, ERP, SCM, EPM, IoT, Analytics, Data, and Blockchain Applications. SaaS provides a complete data-driven and secure cloud environment.
The best thing about this cloud services provider is its chatbot option which can help customers 24/7 whenever they face difficulties.
Data analytics by users that help decision-makers in planning for the company's financial condition.
Secure and better visibility to unsanctioned apps and protects
against sophisticated cyberattacks.
Payment according to the usage.