In all proposals, the modular cluster approach is the simplest. The technology path is very close to that of Tiangong and the International Space Station, which involves docking and assembling different functional components together. This also makes maintenance and repairs in the later stages quite convenient.
However, the drawbacks are also evident. The strength of this assembly method is too low for spaceports over ten thousand tons, with poor orbit change capability, and the size of each module limits the maximum capacity of the spaceport's dock. But for a small, experimental port, this can be acceptable.
The second approach goes a step further and greatly enhances the potential of the spaceport. But it requires on-orbit processing and assembly capabilities, and it also requires the participation of a significant amount of manpower.
