The main reason for the defeat in this battle should be attributed to the Judgement Legion's underestimation of Theron. The last time that the Judgement Legion fought with Theron was over a decade ago when Theron's modernisation process was not fully developed. As a result, the Judgement Legion believed that they only had a small amount of firearms as their main weapons, and their primary mode of combat was still based on cold weapons.
Unexpectedly, over a decade later, Theron had long discarded the traditional way of cold weapon combat and instead learned from the Earthlings' concept of firearms combat. It was precisely because of this that the Judgement Legion was caught off guard.
Actually, while vying for Arya's Blade, the Judgement Legion had already experienced several battles mainly involving hot weapons. However, back then, the opponent's firearms could not harm the rune knights in their armours, and only powerful cannons and rocket launchers were effective.