The backbone of another faction was primarily composed of young nobles who had once studied in Charlemagne, led by Juan Carlos, Jose Antonio, and Santiago Calvo Sotelo. These individuals advocated reforming Castile by emulating Charlemagne to achieve "enlightenment", putting an end to Castile and Ymir's subservience, and establishing a prosperous, strong, and independent Castile, and thus were known as the "Enlightenment faction". Within this group, a considerable number of radicals liked to act brashly, and their relations with the Charlemagne Embassy in Castile were murky. Several recently thwarted coup conspiracies were related to the Enlightenment faction, with some of the plotters even being members of its core leadership.