Margaret Abbott
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For the wife of Tony Abbott, former prime minister of Australia, see Margie Abbott.
Margaret Ives Abbott (June 15, 1878 – June 10, 1955) was an American amateur golfer. She was the first American woman to win an Olympic event: the women's golf tournament at the 1900 Summer Olympics.
Margaret Abbott
Abbott, c. 1903, by Charles Dana Gibson[1]
Personal information
Full name
Margaret Ives Abbott
Born
June 15, 1878
Calcutta, British Raj (Now India)
Died
June 10, 1955 (aged 76)
Greenwich, Connecticut, U.S.
Height
5 ft 11 in (180 cm)[2]
Sporting nationality
United States
Spouse
Finley Peter Dunne
(m. 1902; died 1936)
Children
4, including Philip
Career
Status
Amateur
Medal record
Women's golf
Olympics
1900 Paris
Individual
Born in Calcutta (now Kolkata), British Raj, in 1878, Abbott moved with her family to Chicago in 1884. She joined the Chicago Golf Club in Wheaton, Illinois, where she was coached by Charles B. Macdonald and H. J. Whigham. In 1899, she traveled with her mother to Paris to study art. The following year, along with her mother, she signed up for a women's golf tournament without realizing that it was the second modern Olympics. Abbott won the tournament with a score of 47 strokes; her mother tied for seventh place. Abbott received a porcelain bowl as a prize.
In December 1902, she married the writer Finley Peter Dunne. They later moved to New York and had four children. Abbott died at the age of 76 in 1955, never realizing that she won an Olympic event. She was not well known until Paula Welch, a professor at the University of Florida, researched her life. In 2018, The New York Times published her belated obituary.
Life and careerEdit
Early lifeEdit
Margaret Ives Abbott was born on June 15, 1878, in Calcutta (now Kolkata), British Raj, to Charles and Mary Ives Abbott. Her father was a wealthy American merchant who died in 1879. Margaret, along with her mother and her siblings, moved to Boston. During her teenage years, her mother became literary editor of the Chicago Herald and the family moved to Chicago in 1884.[3]
In the late nineteenth century, women were restricted from competing in various sports. Golf clubs allowed women to play only if they were accompanied by a man. Abbott, along with her mother, began playing golf at the Chicago Golf Club in Wheaton, a suburb of Chicago. She was coached by amateur golfers Charles B. Macdonald and H. J. Whigham. Abbott and Macdonald partnered in an 1897 tournament at Washington Park. She won several local tournaments, and by 1899, she had a two handicap.[4] She was referred to as a "fierce competitor", and was known to have a "classy backswing".[5] That same year, she and her mother traveled to Paris. Her mother researched and wrote a travel guide A Woman's Paris: A Handbook of Every-day Living in the French Capital (1900); Margaret studied art alongside Auguste Rodin and Edgar Degas.[4]
Paris OlympicsEdit
Further information: Golf at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Women's individual
Article on Abbott's victory in the Chicago Tribune, October 7, 1900
The 1900 Summer Olympics, hosted in Paris between May and October, was the second modern Olympics. Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the Olympics, initially planned the games for only men. In 1900, however, women were allowed to compete in five sports: golf, tennis, sailing, rowing, and equestrianism.[6] Out of a total of 997 athletes, 22 were women.[7] The events lacked proper equipment,[8] did not have an opening or closing ceremony, and included sports like tug of war, kite flying, hot air ballooning, and pigeon racing.[2] Two golf events were scheduled—one for men and one for women.[9] The women's event was held over 9 holes ranging in distance from 68 yards (62 meters) to 230 yards (210 meters);[10] the men's was a 36-hole event.[11] Titled "Prix de la ville de Compiègne", the women's event took place on October 4 in Compiègne, about 30 miles (48 km) north of Paris.[12]
The Olympics coincided with the 1900 Paris Exposition, and many believed that it was overshadowed by the latter.[13] Golf Illustrated referred to the event as the competition "in connection with the Paris Exhibition".[14] The event was called the "Exposition Competition" or "Paris World's Fair Competition"[2] instead of being referred to as an Olympic event.[11] Olympics historian Bill Mallon later said: "A lot of the events in 1900 were considered demonstration sports. It's very hard to tell what was an Olympics sport and what was not." According to Mallon, many athletes did not know that they were participating in the Olympics.[15]
Abbott learned about the tournament from a newspaper notice. Taking a break from her studies, she decided to sign up for the event.[16] She won with a score of 47 strokes.[17] Pauline Whittier was the runner-up, with 49 strokes.[18] Mary Abbott also participated in the event and tied for seventh place with a score of 65.[19] All ten competitors played in long skirts and hats.[2] According to Abbott, she won "because all the French girls apparently misunderstood the nature of the game scheduled that day and turned up to play in high heels and tight skirts".[20] She was awarded a porcelain bowl embellished with gold.[6] Although a few other Olympics tournaments had silver and bronze medals, no gold medals were awarded for the golf event. Her victory was reported in the Chicago Tribune.[21]
Later lifeEdit
Abbott in the Chicago Tribune, November 28, 1902
Abbott stayed in Paris and won a French championship before returning to America in 1901.[22] She married the writer Finley Peter Dunne on December 9, 1902. According to the Chicago Tribune, although the wedding ceremony "was celebrated as quietly and with as little display as possible", they received telegrams from "dozens of ... literary lights", including Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.[21] The couple later settled in New York City.[23] They had four children, including Philip Dunne.[24] Abbott did not compete in many tournaments due to a knee injury caused by a childhood accident.[25] Records of Abbott's ties to the Chicago Golf Club were destroyed in the 1912 clubhouse fire.[25] Abbott died at the age of 76 on June 10, 1955,[2] in Greenwich, Connecticut.[6]
LegacyEdit
Abbott never realized that she participated in and became the first American woman to win an Olympic event.[26] She was not well known until Paula Welch, a professor at the University of Florida and a member of the Olympics Board of Directors, researched her life during the 1970s when she first saw Abbott mentioned as an Olympic champion in 1973. Welch spent a decade examining newspaper articles that mentioned Abbott's successes in various golfing competitions.[27] In the mid-1980s, she contacted Philip, Abbott's son, informing him about his mother's Olympic victory.[28] Analyzing the reasons for her obscurity, Welch said: "We didn't have the coverage that we have today .... She came back. She got married. She raised her family. She played some golf, but she didn't really pursue it in tournaments."[2]
Writing for Golf Digest in 1984, Philip wrote: "It's not every day that you learn your mother was an Olympic champion, 80-odd years after the fact. The champion herself had told us only that she had won the golf championship of Paris."[29] In 1996, Abbott was the featured athlete of the 1900 Olympics in the official Olympics program of the Atlanta games.[30] After 1904, golf was not included in the Olympic Games until the 2016 Summer Olympics.[31] In 2018, The New York Times published her belated obituary.[2]
ReferencesEdit
Fuller (2018), p. 113.
Fox (2018).
Fox (2018); Taylor (2021); Rumore (2021); Mallon & Jerris (2011), p. 25.
Fox (2018); Rumore (2021); Abbott (1900); Taylor (2021).
Welch 1982.
Taylor (2021).
Holmes (2016); Lieberman (2016).
Holmes (2016).
Mallon (1998), p. 129.
Taylor (2021); Olympics.
NBC Sports (2021).
Fox (2018); Taylor (2021); Olympics.
Fox (2018); Holmes (2016); Costa & Guthrie (1994), p. 124.
University of Minnesota (1900), p. 28.
Fox (2018); Mallon (1998), p. 129.
Encyclopædia Britannica (2006).
Donnelley (2010), p. 1903; Olympics; Emery (1984), p. 62.
Mallon (1998), p. 131.
Fox (2018); Lieberman (2016).
Los Angeles Times (1989); Warner (2006), p. 87; Donnelley (2010), p. 1903.
Rumore (2021).
Rumore (2021); Fox (2018).
Fox (2018); Rumore (2021).
Ellis (1969), p. 260.
Welch (1982), p. 754.
Fox (2018); Conner (2014), p. 126.
Holmes (2016); Welch (1982), p. 752.
Fox (2018); Holmes (2016).
Olympics (2021); USOPM.
University of Florida (1996).
Lieberman (2016).
Works citedEdit
Online sourcesEdit
"Margaret Abbott: A Study Break". Encyclopædia Britannica. January 19, 2006. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
Fox, Margalit (March 8, 2018). "Margaret Abbott: The First American Woman to Win an Olympic Championship". The New York Times. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
Holmes, Tao Tao (August 10, 2016). "The First American Woman to Win an Olympic Championship Didn't Even Know It". Atlas Obscura. OCLC 960889351. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
Lieberman, Stuart (March 21, 2016). "Margaret Abbott Aced Team USA's First Women's Olympic Gold Medal and Didn't Know It". United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
"He Was the Game's First Mac O'Grady". Los Angeles Times. August 10, 1989. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
"Margaret Abbott Became U.S.' First Female Olympic Champion Without Knowing It". NBC Sports. March 8, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
"Margaret Ives Abbott". Olympic Games. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
"Margaret Abbott, the Olympic Golf Champion Who Died Without Knowing It". Olympic Games. October 5, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2022.
Rumore, Kori (August 4, 2021). "Chicago Golfer Margaret Abbott was the 1st American Woman to Win a Gold Medal at the Olympics – But She Never Knew it. Here's Why". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
Taylor, Katie (2021). "Margaret Ives Abbott". National Women's History Museum. Archived from the original on June 23, 2022. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
"An Unknowing Historymaker: Margaret Abbott was the First American Female to be an Olympic Champion". United States Olympic & Paralympic Museum. March 7, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2022.
"Recognizing First U.S. Women's Champion Is A Step In The Right Direction". University of Florida. July 9, 1996. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
Print sourcesEdit
Abbott, Mary (1900). A Woman's Paris: A Handbook of Every-day Living in the French Capital. Small, Maynard & Company – via Google Books.
Conner, Floyd (2014). The Olympic's Most Wanted: The Top 10 Book of the Olympics' Gold Medal Gaffes, Improbable Triumphs, and Other Oddities. Potomac Books. ISBN 978-1-59797-397-7 – via Google Books.
Costa, D. Margaret; Guthrie, Sharon Ruth, eds. (1994). Women and Sport: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Human Kinetics. ISBN 978-0-87322-686-8 – via Google Books.
Donnelley, Paul (2010). Firsts, Lasts & Onlys of Golf: Presenting the Most Amazing Golf Facts from the Last 500 Years. Octopus Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-600-62255-0. Retrieved May 12, 2022 – via Google Books.
Ellis, Elmer (1969) [1941]. Mr. Dooley's America: A Life of Finley Peter Dunne. Archon Books. ISBN 978-0-208-00734-6 – via Internet Archive.
Emery, Lynne (1984). "Women's Participation in the Olympic Games: A Historical Perspective". Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance. 55 (5): 62–72. doi:10.1080/07303084.1984.10629768.
Fuller, Linda K. (2018). Female Olympian and Paralympian Events: Analyses, Backgrounds, and Timelines. Springer Publishing. ISBN 978-3-319-76792-5 – via Google Books.
Mallon, Bill (1998). The 1900 Olympic Games: Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-8952-7. Retrieved June 11, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
Mallon, Bill; Jerris, Randon (2011). Historical Dictionary of Golf. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7465-7 – via Google Books.
"International Tournament at Compiègne". Golf Illustrated. Vol. 6. University of Minnesota. 1900 – via Google Books.
Warner, Patricia Campbell (2006). "Part One: The Influence of Fashion. Chapter 5, Women Enter the Olympics: A Sleeker Swimsuit". When the Girls Came Out to Play: The Birth of American Sportswear. University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 978-1-55849-548-7.
Welch, Paula (1982). "Search for Margaret Abbott" (PDF). Olympic Review. 182: 752–754. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 12, 2016. Retrieved March 9, 2018.
External linksEdit
Margaret Abbott at Olympics.com
Margaret Abbott at Olympedia
Media related to Margaret Abbott at Wikimedia Commons
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The Seventh Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance met in Budapest, Hungary, from 15 to 21 June 1913. As had been the case with all the preceding conferences, the location had been chosen to reflect the status of women's suffrage: a place where the prospects seemed favorable and liable to influence public sentiment by demonstrating that it was now a global movement. When it had been announced at the sixth congress (in Stockholm) that the next one would be held in the capital of Hungary, it was felt that the location seemed very remote, and there were concerns that Hungary did not have representative government. In fact, it proved to be one of the largest and most important conventions. Furthermore the delegates stopped en route for mass meetings and public banquets in Berlin, Dresden, Prague and Vienna, spreading its influence ever further afield. This poster for the conference, designed by Anna Soós Korányi and now in the collection of the French Union for Women's Suffrage, depicts a woman helping Atlas hold up a globe on his shoulders.
Poster credit: Anna Soós Korányi; restored by Adam Cuerden