The truth was, Damien didn't have the power to devour the Primal Sovereign whole. The beast's body was massive, over half the size of the unnamed world it slumbered in. With his current level, this was far too grueling of a task.
However, he had methods to circumvent this problem. Aside from the many sacrifices he made to sustain his mana and ability, he also used a few shortcuts to spread his devouring force faster.
For instance, the Void Flames.
Void Flames carried some of Devour's abilities, and it was intrinsically linked to the Void Physique in this way. But more than that, the Void Flames had an integral ability for the current circumstance. That was, the ability to devour mana and use it to sustain itself.