In that era, laparoscopic surgery was considered an advanced surgical method in China. It was more commonly performed in top-tier, grade-A tertiary hospitals, with less technical capability at the grassroots level hospitals. Consequently, the national health departments organized many primary care personnel to upgrade their skills in tertiary institutions.
Unlike with previous open surgeries, which saw a surge of training residents entering the operating room before and after the patient's anesthesia,
this group of people was herded by the nurses to stand in the corners of the operating room. After all, unlike open surgery, where close observation is necessary, laparoscopic surgery is displayed on monitors, making it visible even from a distance.
