As the twin burdens of defeat and humiliation began to weigh heavy upon the Italian administrators in Libya – having been defied and repeatedly so, at the hands of no more than two thousand volunteer fighters under the capable leadership and command of a teacher by training, the Italians resolved to draw up and agree a peace treaty with Omar Mukhtar, however the agreements were not in good faith and so resulting in the dissolution of all contracted terms between the two camps shortly thereafter.
Omar Mukhtar subsequently returned to his defense strategy by recruiting more fighters and unifying the ranks among several other factions in preparation for a decisive confrontation with the Italian General, Rodolfo Graziani, in the year 1930.
The Libyan people suffered immensely during the twenty month oppressive rule of General Rodolfo and his army. In this short period of time several civilians were killed, on average thirty executions were ordered on a daily basis and women were routinely kidnapped from their tribes and brutally raped. Graziani also ordered for the gruesome murder of fifteen tribal elders by having them pushed out of flying aircrafts, one by one