Founded by the Arabs in the 10th century, Mogadishu became the capital and chief port of Somalia. ... By 1871 the Sultan of Zanzibar gained control of Mogadishu and leased the city's port to the Italians in 1892. In 1905 the Italians bought the port city, making it the capital of Italian Somaliland
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Somali history
Somali history
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Synopsis
The Republic of Somalia was formed in 1960 by the federation of a former Italian colony and a British protectorate. Mohamed Siad Barre (Maxamed Siyaad Barre) held dictatorial rule over the country from October 1969 until January 1991, when he was overthrown in a bloody civil war waged by clan-based guerrillas.