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Radha-Krishna (IAST rādhā-kṛṣṇa, Sanskrit: राधा कृष्ण) are collectively known within Hinduism as the combined forms of feminine as well as the masculine realities of God.[1] Radha and Krishna are the primeval forms of God and his pleasure potency (Hladini Shakti) respectively in several Vaishnavite school of thought.[2]
Other namesMadhavi Madhav, Keshavi Keshav, Shyama Shyam, Kishori Kishore, Gopika GopinathDevanagariराधाकृष्णSanskrit transliterationrādhā-kṛṣṇaVenerated inGaudiya Vaishnavism, Mahanam Sampraday, Nimbarka Sampradaya, Pranami, Pushtimarg, Radha-vallabha, Swaminarayan Sampradaya, Vaishnava-SahajiyaAffiliationVaishnavism, Krishnaism, Ardhanarishvara, Lakshmi NarayanAbodeGoloka, Vrindavan, VaikunthaMantra
Om Shri Radha Krishnabhyam namah
Om Shri Radha Krishnaye namah.
Om Kleem Radha Krishnaye namah
TextsBrahmavaivarta Purana, Gita Govinda, Padma Purana, Shiva Purana, Gopala Tapani Upanishad, Brahma Samhita, Garga Samhita, Skanda Purana, Devi-Bhagavata Purana, Naradiya PuranaTemplesBankey Bihari Temple, Radha Rani Temple in Barsana, Prem Mandir, Govind Dev Ji Temple in Jaipur, Radha Raman Temple, Shree Govindajee Temple in Imphal, Murlidhar temple in Naggar, Madan Mohan Temple in Karauli, Radha Krishna Vivah Sthali, Bhandirvan, Dwarkadheesh temple Mathura, Radha Madhav Dham, Radha Madhab Temple, Bhakti Mandir Mangarh, Rangeeli Mahal Barsana, List of temples in Bishnupur, ISKCON temples, Swaminarayan templesFestivalsHoli, Lathmar Holi, Sharad Purnima, Kartik Purnima, Janmashtami, Radhastami, Gopashtami
In Krishnaite traditions of Vaishnavism, Krishna is referred to as Svayam Bhagavan[3] and Radha is illustrated as the primeval potency of the three main potencies of God, Hladini (immense spiritual bliss), Sandhini (eternality) and Samvit (existential consciousness) of which Radha is an embodiment of the feeling of love towards the almighty Lord Krishna (Hladini).
With Krishna, Radha is acknowledged as the Supreme Goddess. It is said that Krishna is only satiated by devotional service in loving servitude and Radha is the personification of devotional service to the supreme lord. Various devotees worship her with the understanding of her merciful nature as the only way to attain Krishna. Radha is also depicted to be Krishna himself, split into two, for the purpose of his enjoyment. As per Hindu scriptures, Radha is considered as the complete incarnation of Mahalakshmi.[4]
It is believed that Krishna enchants the world, but Radha enchants even him. Therefore, she is the supreme goddess of all and together they are called as Radha-Krishna.[
Vigneshwara cannot be broken into two – Krishna (Devanagari: कृष्ण), the eighth incarnation (Avatar) of Vishnu, and his shakti Radha (Devanagari: राधा) such was the love of Radha towards Krishna that they are one. Krishna in Vrindavana is depicted with Radha standing on his left. Some important names of Radha and Krishna mentioned in scriptures are :-
Names of Radha - Radhika, Radhe, Madhavi, Keshavi, Shyama, Shreeji, Gopika, Kishori, Laadli ji, Radharani, Gaurangi, Madan Mohini, Nitya, Shubhangi, Aparajita, Raseshwari, Brajeshwari, Vrindavaneshwari, Golokeshwari, Krishna Priya, Krishna Kaanta, Krishna Samyukta, KrishnaVallabha, Krishna Stuta and Krishneshwari.[6]
Names of Krishna - Kanha, Madhav, Keshav, Shyam, Gopinath, Kishore, Gaurang, Madan Mohan, Gopal, Kanhaiya, Madhusudan, Hari, Damodar, Murlidhar, Govinda, Raseshwar, Brajeshwar, Vrindavaneshwar, Golokeshwar, RadhaRaman, RadhaVallabh, Radhanath, RadhaKaant and Radheshwar
Radha Krishna's first literary mention was found in King Hala's Prakrit text Gatha Saptasati which is composed of 700 verses and was written in 1st century A.D.[7][8] Later, The popular Gita Govinda written by Jayadeva in 12th century widely depicted Radha and Krishna as a couple.[9][10][11] According to scriptures like Brahma Vaivarta Purana and Garga Samhita, Radha-Krishna are the supreme deities. Content of both the scriptures are majorly based on the divine pastimes of Radha Krishna in Vrindavan and Goloka. The other relevant texts mentioning Radha Krishna are Radhopnishad of Rig Veda, Radhatapani Upanishad of Atharva Veda, Shiva Puran , Brahmanda Puran, Skanda Puran, Padma Puran, Matsya Puran, Devi-Bhagavata Purana, Narada Pancharatra and Brahma samhita. Goddess Radha is also indirectly mentioned in Bhagavata Purana of Sukadeva Goswami along with Lord Krishna under many different names like "Aradhika" and "Gopi".[12] Adi Shankracharya who happened way before Jayadeva also mentioned Goddess Radha in his work called "Achyuta Ashtakam" which is dedicated to Achyuta form of Lord Krishna.