Meaning and Objectives of Planning
Planning is a process of setting objectives and deciding how to accomplish them. Planning in sports is required because there is a definite time frame for achieving the objectives and the resiilts are also known very clearly and in definite terms.
Objectives of planning are given below.
Timely achievements of targets.
Improving the percentage of success.
Finding out the causes of failure.
Deciding the appropriate time duration of a programme.
Distribution of work according to the ability of the people involved.
Remaining within the budget while achieving the required targets.
Various Committees and their Responsibilities
Committee for Publicity Its main duty is to advertise the sports events.
Transport Committee Its main responsibility is to make necessary arrangements for transportation.
Grounds and Equipment Committee This committee is responsible for making the grounds or laying out the track and field. , .
Refreshments and Entertainment Committee This committee takes the charge of supplying refreshments and drinks to the guests, officials, competitors etc.
Reception Committee The members of this committee are responsible to welcome the chief guests at the opening and closing ceremonies. .
Committee on Entries and Programmes This committee sends entry forms to the various institutions early. It also arranges seats for guests and spectators. It sometimes also prepares fixtures of teams participating in the competition.
Committee for Officials This committee selects various officials such as referees, judges, umpires etc.
Announcement Committee This committee is responsible for making all the announcements during the period of sports events,
First Aid Committee This committee provides first aid to the victim or affected sportsman/athlete.
For successful organisation of the sports meet, committees are formed under three heads These are Pre-meet committees like publicity, ground and equipment, reception committee During meet committees like refreshment, transport committee and Post-meet committees like award committee.
Tournaments
A tournament is a competition held among various teams in a particular activity according to a fixed schedule where a winner is decided.
There are various methods for organising a tournament which depends upon various factors such as
The number of participating teams Facilities of ground, equipment and number of officials available
Days in which the tournament is to be completed
Importance of Tournaments
Development of Sports Skills Various skills of sports are developed in tournaments.
Helpful in Selection of Players Good players can be selected easily by observing their performance in the tournament.
Development of National and International Integration It not only develops the integration of national and international level but also gives sense of unity and brotherhood.
Development of Social Qualities Social traits such as respect, brotherhood, discipline, sympathy, tolerance etc are developed among participants through tournaments.
Types of Tournament
Knock-out or Elimination tournament
League or Round Robin tournament
Combination tournament
Challenge tournament
1. Knock-out or Elimination Tournaments
A single elimination tournament (also called an Olympic system tournament) or a knock-out tournament is a type of elimination tournament where the loser of each bracket is immediately eliminated from the tournament. In such tournaments, if the number of competitors or competing teams are not a multiple of 2 (i.e. 4, 8, 16,..) then some teams may be given a 'bye' and some teams are given 'seeding'.
Seeding is a procedure by which good teams are placed in fixtures in such a way that stronger teams do not meet each other at the very start of a tournament.
Class 12 Physical Education Notes Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 1
Note We will cover in detail the first three tournaments because these three tournaments are included in syllabus.
Bye is a privilege given to a team which is decided generally by seeding it or by draw of lots.
Advantages of Knock-out Tournaments
Minimum number of officials are required in organising tournaments.
Owing to less number of matches so it takes less time to complete the tournaments.
It helps in enhancing the standard of sports.
Disadvantages of Knock-out Tournaments
Good teams can get eliminated because of their poor performance even in first round.
There are maximum chances of weak teams to enter into the final round.
2. League or Round Robin Tournaments
A league tournament, also called as round robin tournament, is a type of tournament in which each contestant meets all other contestants in turn. In this type of tournament, there has to be sufficient time to complete the tournament.
There are two types of league tournaments
Single league
Double league
In a single league round robin schedule, each participant plays with every other participant once. If each participant plays with others twicely, this is frequently called a round robin double league tournament.
Single League Number of matches =N(N−1)2 (N = Number of teams)
Double League Number of matches = N (N-1) (N = Number of teams)
Fixture
Any tournament whether it is knock-out or league, is arranged according to a set procedure which is known as fixture. For knock-out tournament, the procedure to draw fixture is through bye and seeding. For league tournaments, the procedure to draw fixture is through staircase and cyclic method.
Fixture is the process of arranging the teams in systematic order in various groups for competition in a physical activity. In other words, it is the set-up of various teams for competitive matches where they play in a systematic order as per the fixture schedule. The success of a tournament depends upon planning of suitable fixture. Tournaments are played in various forms of fixtures.