I keep it
of, relating to, rich in, or yielding carbon
{a} pertaining to carbon
relating to or consisting of or yielding carbon
- consisting of or containing a significant carbon content; example, coal
refers to carbon-bearing material
containing carbon or coal, especially shale or other rock containing small particles of carbon distributed throughout the whole mass
Pertaining to, containing, or composed of, carbon
Carbonaceous means producing, containing or pertaining to carbon, a naturally abundant nonmetallic element that occurs in many inorganic and in all organic compounds
rich in carbon; black like soot
This term applies to the total concentration of carbon compounds in a sample For example, the soot in fireplace ash or campfire ash has carbonaceous matter resulting from incomplete combustion
{s} containing carbon, like carbon
Carbonaceous materials and fullerenes
Carbonaceous materials are obtained via heat treatment from various sources, including coal, liquefied coal, coke, petroleum, resins, carbon blacks, paraffins, olefins, pitch, tar, polycyclic aromatic compounds (naphthalene, biphenyl, naphthalene sulfonic acid, anthracene sulfonic acid, phenanthrene sulfonic acid, etc.), polymers (polyethylene, polymethylacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, phenol resin, polyacrylonitrile, etc.) [99–101]. This kind of fluids is claimed to show a strong ER effect, low electric power consumption and excellent durability [101]. Several publications addressed the ER effect and physical properties of carbonaceous ER fluids [102–104].
Fullerene-type materials are also found to show remarkable ER effect. Fullerene enriched soot and fullerenes mixture, particularly C60 mixed with C70 with trace amount of C84 and C92, display an electrorheological behavior [105]. The ER properties of fullerene type materials can be tailored by appropriate encapsulation of ions within the hollow sphere or adsorbed on the surface.
Carbon namber