"The situation is precarious at present. Last month, news came that Mo Laosan and Ruan Xiaoping of the White Bottom Gang—one was shot dead by a musket, the other was captured alive—were beheaded in public two days ago. Before that, Short Ox and Red Head had been eliminated by the authorities consecutively, and most of the other factions have either vanished or surrendered to the officials. Now, there are very few factions left that have more than twenty ships and more than a thousand men capable of battle."