Not only is this problem in Austria, but European countries including Prussia, France, Britain, Russia, etc. are all dominated by noble officers.
This situation continued until after the World War, and after the baptism of the World War, noble officers suffered heavy losses, did not have sufficient reserve power to supplement, and finally lost their dominance in the army.
In contrast, Austria is fortunate. The dominant German aristocrats are, because of their traditional relationship, most of them have good military literacy.
These noble officers are rare high-intellectuals in this era. If someone holds a whip to force them to work hard behind them, there is no problem in serving as a grass-roots officer.
For the future of Austria, for the happiness of the European people, and for the development of all mankind, Franz felt the destiny, and it should not be the will of God here.
Anyway, he has decided to take over the important task of transforming the next generation of Austrian nobles, and it is only just beginning.
…
The wheels of history are rolling in. After the outbreak of the January Revolution in Sicily, it quickly spread to northern Italy. In order to protect the security of Lombardy and Venice, the Vienna government also sent reinforcements to the local area, and the situation was temporarily stabilized. Already.
Before the outbreak of the Revolution, the European working class was in hot water. Take France as an example: the
wage level of workers is very low. Male workers are paid about 2 francs per day, female workers are around 1 franc, and 13 to 16-year-old children are paid. It is only 75 cents, and the child labor of 8 to 12 years old is only 45 cents.
The cheapest black bread at that time also exceeded 30 cents per kilogram, and the income of the working class could barely make a living.
(Data from 1840) On the
surface, it seems that the treatment of male workers is still okay, and that of female and child workers is very low.
In fact, capitalists are not fools. They will squeeze profits to the maximum. These money are used for life, and male workers need to take more heavy physical labor.
Almost 15 to 6 hours of working time per day, if they do a lot of work, the physical energy will be consumed quickly, and the energy that needs to be added is of course indispensable.
This can be seen from the life expectancy. The heavy labor force makes the average life expectancy of workers less than 40 years old, and even many heavy manual labor industries are less than 35 years old.
In 1846, due to the heat and drought, wheat and legumes failed, and France's staple food was seriously threatened, causing food prices to skyrocket.
In 1845, the price of 100 liters of wheat was 17.15 francs, and by 1847 it had risen to 43 francs. In the Upper Rhine it soared to 49.5 francs, and in some areas it exceeded 50 francs.
Especially in northern and north-eastern France, cereal prices have generally risen by 100% to 150%, and the price of bread has doubled.
Anything goes up, that is, wages don't go up, and the working class's life is naturally difficult.
The house was leaking at night, and the British economic crisis of 1847 spread to France.
The increase in the price of grain has nothing to do with the dime of the farmers. They are only because of the decrease in grain output, a sharp decline in income, and a decline in French internal purchasing power.
In this context, Britain's cheap industrial products rushed in, and France's industry and commerce was immediately hit.
In 1847, the industrial output value of Paris was 1.463 billion francs. By the beginning of 1848, it had fallen to 6.77 francs.
After the slashing, it was a 10% discount. Just looking at this number, we know that the French industry and commerce have been mourning. In a short period of time, thousands of French companies have closed down.
Behind the frantic failure of enterprises, the birth of an unemployed army is inevitable, and social contradictions in France are becoming increasingly acute.
Against this background, the Orleans dynasty not only did not take any effective measures, but instead became corrupt and the scandals were endless.
After the Labor Protection Law enacted by the Austrian government reached Paris, it quickly caused a sensation within the working class.
The Paris government, after knowing it, was too late to block the news. Of course, they did not have such an execution ability.
Large-scale workers' strikes began in Paris, spread rapidly to France, and spread to other parts of Europe.
At the same time as the workers' strike, an anti-hunger movement broke out in the peasant class. Beginning in July 1847, peasants who went bankrupt due to food insecurity and debt crisis set off a wave of food grabs.
They smashed the landlord's estate, seized grain stores, and killed grain speculators. This movement also spread to the cities, and hungry and unemployed unemployed workers joined in. The history called "bread riots."
The continuous collapse of social order also caused the bourgeoisie to be dissatisfied with the government.
In the economic crisis, everyone suffered heavy losses. They were just about to make a fortune on food and make up for the wounded soul.
It turned out that the French peasants were too fierce, and the fighting power of the working class was quite strong. They could n't afford it and robbed them directly. Does this keep the capitalists alive?
At this time, the French bourgeoisie also split. Except for some vested interests, most of them were opponents of the Orleans dynasty.
Including the dynasty opposition and republican, its ** and factions are divided into: National newspaper and reformers. Although the political views of the various factions are different, they have temporarily stood together to oppose the July dynasty.
It is clear that in general, the opposition has launched 70 large and small banquets across the country, and many places have publicly chanted revolutionary slogans, but they have not been suppressed.
The incompetence of the government allowed the revolutionaries to see their truth and reality and began to prepare for the armed uprising.
Demonstrations are a routine occurrence for the people of Paris. On February 22, 1848, because of dissatisfaction with the government's ban on the banquet movement, people in Paris took to the streets to protest.
What exactly happened was unclear to Franz. In short, there seems to be a slight change in history. The people in Paris uprised that night, and the February Revolution broke out.
After the uprising broke out, the revolutionary rivalry expanded sharply, and students, workers, citizens, and capitalists participated. Of course, few capitalists took up arms to fight, and they all supported behind the scenes.
The Gizo government awakened by the revolution quickly dispatched its troops to suppress the revolution. Unfortunately, they underestimated the situation of the military and civilians in France.
Even if there is no lack of revolutionary supporters in the army, most of the National Self-Defense Forces refused to implement the government's revolution, and some of the army went straight.
Later, Franz can only rely on his brain to make up for it. More detailed information is no longer easy to obtain.
In short, on the afternoon of February 23, 1848, Emperor Louis-Philippe, in order to ease the situation, fired the Gizo government and appointed the liberal Mole to form a cabinet in an attempt to calm the anger of the bourgeoisie.