The Paris Commune was an insurrection of the French Capital, Paris from the French Government in 1871.
It was caused by their defeat in the Franco-Prussian War and the collapse of their Emperor, Napoleon III's empire. This made the Second French Empire collapse, and the rise of the French Third Republic. The French Government moved it's capital to Tours for tjr meantime, France was under siege for 4 months.
Paris was defended by the National Guards instead of the regular Army soldiers, on January 28th, 1871, Paris surrendered to Prussia, and Adolphe Thiepe signed an armstice with Prussia that disarmed the army, but it never disarmed the National Guard.
March 18th, 1871, the French Commune's National Guard killed two French army Generals, they never want the French Government to govern them, the Commune was goverened by Paris until they were supressed by the French Army on May 21st, 1871.